Connection oriented protocol / TCP

- Transmission control protocol (TCP) is set of rules used along with the internet protocol (IP) to send the data in the form of message units between the computers.
- During the sending of data, IP take care of delivery of the actual whereas the TCP take care of individual units of the data (called as packets).
- TCP is known as connection oriented protocol, means that the connection is established and maintain such time as the message is to be exchanged by the application program.
- TCP guarantees the delivery of data and also guarantees that the packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were send.
- TCP uses a fixed connection, if one application wants to communicate with another via TCP, then it sends the communication request to an exact address after hand-shaking.
- Connection establishment via TCP is called as three way handshaking.
- The process starts with the server. Server program tells its TCP that it is actually ready to send the request. This is called as request to passive open and the client program issues a request for an active open.
- The connection establishment using three way handshaking is as follows.
TCP, three way handshaking, computer network


- The client sends the first segment, SYN segment in which SYN flag is set.
- This segment is for synchronization of sequence  number. When the data transmission starts the sequence number is incremented by 1.
- SYN cannot carry data but it consume one sequence number at server side, the server sends the second segment SYN+ACK.
- SYN+ ACK does not contain or carry data but can consume one sequence number.
- The client sends the third segment. This is just ACK segment.
- Note that the sequence number in this segment is same as the one in SYN sequence.



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